Stakeholder dynamics in Environmental Policy Making in Kazakhstan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30722/anzjes.vol14.iss2.15837Keywords:
environmental policy, policy learning, policy subsystem, stakeholder dynamicsAbstract
This study explores the potential of stakeholder dynamics as they affect policy learning among government administrators in Kazakhstan, particularly in the case of the implementation of the Concept of Transition of Kazakhstan to a “Green Economy” (The Concept). While the Concept represents a commitment to strengthening environmental protection and policymaking in the country, the nine years since its adoption have revealed certain deficiencies. Based on field research conducted between May 2020 and September 2021, I have found that stakeholders in advocacy coalitions hold different views on the implementation of the Concept. One example of the many barriers to realizing the “green economy” goals is related to economic performance, which benefits from hydrocarbon and fossil fuel development. My research illustrates that the government has not emphasized collaboration with non-governmental stakeholders within its efforts to realize a Green Economy policy.
References
Agency for Strategic planning and reforms of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Bureau of National statistics, (2021). https://stat.gov.kz/official/industry/151/statistic/7
Aitken, J. (2009). Nazarbayev and the making of Kazakhstan. Continuum.
Chan, S., & Chou, C. (2020). Who influences higher education decision-making in Taiwan? An analysis of internal stakeholders. Studies in Higher Education, 45:10, 2101-2109,
https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2020.1823646
Creswell, John W., & Plano Clark, Vicki L. (2010). Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research. 2nd ed. edition. Los Angeles: SAGE Publications.
Dunlop, C. A., Radaelli, C. M., & Trein, P. (2018). Learning in Public Policy: Analysis, Modes and Outcomes. Palgrave Macmillan. https://link-springer-com.libezproxy2.syr.edu/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-76210-4_1
Green Economy. (2013). Concept for the transition of the Republic of Kazakhstan to a green
economy, approved by Decree #557 of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan on May 30, 2013. Official website of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan. http://www.akorda.kz/ru/page/page_214003_o-kontseptsii-po-perekhodu- respubliki-kazakhstana-k-
Ingold, K. (2011). Network Structures within Policy Processes: Coalitions, Power, and Brokerage in Swiss Climate Policy. The Policy Studies Journal, Vol. 39, No. 3.
Jang, S., Weible, C.M., & Park, K. (2016). Policy Processes in South Korea through the lens of the Advocacy Coalition Framework. Journal of Asian Public Policy, 9:3, 274-290.
https://doi.org/10.1080/17516234.2016.1201877
Jenkins-Smith, Nohrstedt, D., Weible, C.M., & Ingold, K. (2018). The Advocacy Coalition Framework: An Overview of the Research Program. In C.M. Weible & P.A. Sabatier (Ed.). Theories of the Policy Process. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
Karatairi, E., Rojas-Solorzano, R.L., & Kerimray, A. (2018). Renewable energy in Kazakhstan rises in the shadow of fossil fuels. Energy Quarterly. Cambridge University Press. Vol. 43.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1557/mrs.2018.215
Kerimray, A., Assanov, D., Kenessov, B., & Karaca, F. (2020). Trends and health impacts of major urban air pollutants in Kazakhstan. Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association. Vol.70, NO.11, 1148-1164.
May, P. (1992). Policy Learning and Failure. Journal of Public Policy. Vol. 12, No. 4, pp. 331-354.
Nazarbayev, N. (2012). Address by the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Leader of the Nation N. Nazarbayev, “Strategy Kazakhstan - 2050: new political course of the established state”. Official website of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan. https://www.akorda.kz/en/addresses/addresses_of_president/address-by-the-president-of-the-republic-of-kazakhstan-leader-of-the-nation-nnazarbayev-strategy-kazakhstan-2050-new-political-course-of-the-established-state
Nwalie, I.M. (2019). Advocacy Coalition Framework and Policy Changes in a Third-World Country. Politics & Policy. Vol.47, Issue 3. https://doi-org.libezproxy2.syr.edu/10.1111/polp.12302
Sabatier, P. (1988). An Advocacy Coalition Framework of Policy Change and the Role of Policy-Oriented Learning Therein. Policy Sciences. 129–168. https://link-springer-com.libezproxy2.syr.edu/article/10.1007/bf00136406
Sabatier, P.A., & Jenkins-Smith, H.C. (1993). Policy change and learning: An Advocacy Coalition Approach. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
Scott, I., (2012). Analyzing Advocacy Issues in Asia. Administration & Society. Vol.44, Issue 6. SAGE Publications. https://doi-org.libezproxy2.syr.edu/10.1177/0095399712460081
The Concept of Public and Ecological security. (1996). Ministry of Justice of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Institute of legislation and legal information. Legal information system of
Regulatory Legal Acts of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
https://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/N960002967_
The Concept of environmental security for 2004-2015. (2004). Ministry of Justice of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Institute of legislation and legal information. Legal information system of Regulatory Legal Acts of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
https://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/U030001241_#z0
The Legal information system of regulatory legal acts of the Republic of Kazakhstan. (2021). Adilet. https://adilet.zan.kz/eng
The National Atlas of the Republic of Kazakhstan, (2010). Vol.III, Environment and Ecology. Institut Geografii Respubliki Kazakhstan.
The National Energy Report (2021). Kazenergy.
https://www.kazenergy.com/ru/operation/ned/2117/
The Republic of Kazakhstan. (2021). Official website of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan. https://www.akorda.kz/en/republic_of_kazakhstan/kazakhstan
Tokayev, K. (2020). Address for nations “Kazakhstan in a new reality: time for action”. Official website of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pb61VZT1YDY
Vinnikov, D., Tulekov, Zh., & Raushanova, A. (2020). Occupational exposure to particulate matter from air pollution in the outdoor workplaces in Almaty during the cold season. PLoS ONE 15(1): e0227447. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0227447
Vinnikov, D., Romanova, Z., & Zhumabayeva, G. (2021). Air pollution in the workplace: making shish kebab is an overlooked occupational hazard. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 31, 777–783. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41370-020-00283-4
Weible, C.M., Ingold, K., Nohrstedt, D., Henry, A.D., & Jenkins-Smith, H.C. (2020). Sharpening Advocacy. Policy Studies Journal. Vol. 48, No. 4.
https://doi-org.libezproxy2.syr.edu/10.1111/psj.12360
Wong, N.W.M. (2016). Advocacy Coalitions and Policy Change in China: A Case Study of Anti-incinerator Protest in Guangzhou. Voluntas 27, 2037–2054. https://doi-org.libezproxy2.syr.edu/10.1007/s11266-015-9603-1
Yun, C. (2019). External shocks and policy change in different coalition opportunity structures, International Review of Public Administration, 24:1, 17-35, https://doi-org.libezproxy2.syr.edu/10.1080/12294659.2019.1577558
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Submission of an original manuscript to ANZJES will be taken to mean that it is an original work not previously published.
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY-NC-ND) 4.0 Licence that allows others, including the author, to copy and distribute the material in any medium or format in unadapted form only, for noncommercial purposes only, and only so long as attribution is given to the original author and initial publication in this journal.