Organisational Learning Approaches in Healthcare Organisations: A Scoping Review

Abstract

Purpose: Despite years of analysis and debate, the concept of organisational learning (OL) still lacks a theoretical basis and little information is provided in the way of hands-on application for practitioners. Perceived benefits of OL have been reported, yet very few standardised approaches proposed. This review synthesises the literature on standardised approaches to OL.

Methodology: Two research questions guided the review: (1) what OL models, frameworks or approaches currently exist?; and (2) what are the common enablers among these models, frameworks or approaches that might best support OL in a healthcare context? Using a systematic screening and reporting process, 360 pieces of literature were analysed and a final 26 articles were included for review.

Results: Seven different OL models, frameworks and/or approaches were identified. Multi-component models were reported most frequently, although this category itself encompasses a wide range of approaches. From these models, frameworks and/or approaches, 14 key enablers were extracted and synthesised into three levels: individual, group and organisational.

Practical Implications: There was considerable overlap among all OL models, frameworks and/or approaches identified in the literature, rendering it difficult to synthesise the findings into a single standardised approach. Consideration of OL enablers appeared to be less difficult. These enablers may inform a number of strategies for supporting OL in the healthcare context. Regular appraisal of the effectiveness of these enablers across organisational departments, teams and levels will assist in determining the extent and quality of OL.

Limitations: The OL literature remains dominated by persuasive and/or analytical papers, rather than theory development, and does not provide hands- on knowledge for practitioners seeking to enact OL models. Many papers used the terms ‘organisational learning’ and ‘learning organisation’ interchangeably, so relevant material may have been excluded.