‘Not a crisis of chemical imbalance, a crisis of power imbalance’
Involuntary Mental Health Treatment and Critical Social Work
Keywords:
critical social work, involuntary mental health treatmentAbstract
This paper offers a critical insight into the dominant discourses of involuntary mental health treatment, and the current Australian political context, from a critical social work and post-structural lens. In doing so, it aims to explore the tensions, complexities, and challenges in practice, demonstrating the unique role of social work, and the opportunities for applying the professional values to progress transformative change in mental health policy and practice. As social work is a discipline that is innately bounding to working within structures and systems, there must be critical engagement with the role of social work as ‘helpers and controllers’ (International Federation of Social Workers & International Association of Schools of Social Work, 2004). Through exploring initiatives around the globe where progress is being made with successful outcomes, this paper reinforces the salient role the profession plays in engaging a transformative shift to a world without involuntary treatment.
References
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596
Australian Association of Social Workers. (2020). Code of Ethics. https://aasw-prod.s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/AASW-Code-of-Ethics-2020.pdf
Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. (2023). Involuntary treatment in mental health care. https://www.aihw.gov.au/mental-health/topic-areas/involuntary-treatment
Bacchi, C., & Goodwin, S. (2016). Poststructural Policy Analysis: A Guide to Practice. Palgrave Macmillan.
Beresford, P. (2016). From psycho-politics to mad studies: learning from the legacy of Peter Sedgwick. Critical and Radical Social Work, 4(3), 343-355. DOI:10.1332/204986016X14651166264237
Brown, C. (2021). Critical Clinical Social Work and the Neoliberal Constraints on Social Justice in Mental Health. Research on Social Work Practice, 31(6), 644-652. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049731520984531
Callaghan, S. M., & Ryan, C. (2014). Is There a Future for Involuntary Treatment in Rights-based Mental Health Law? Psychiatry, Psychology and Law, 21(5), 747-766. DOI: 10.1080/13218719.2014.949606
Cohen, B. M. Z. (2017). Introduction: The importance of critical approaches to mental health and illness. In B. M. Z. Cohen (Ed.), Routledge International Handbook of Critical Mental Health (pp. 1-12). Routledge.
Commonwealth of Australia. (2013). A national framework for recovery-oriented mental health services: Guide for practitioners and providers. https://www.health.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/2021/04/a-national-framework-for-recovery-oriented-mental-health-services-guide-for-practitioners-and-providers.pdf
Courtney, M., & Moulding, N. T. (2014). Beyond Balancing Competing Needs: Embedding Involuntary Treatment Within a Recovery Approach to Mental Health Social Work. Australian Social Work, 67(2), 214-226. DOI: 10.1080/0312407X.2013.829510
Department of Health and Aged Care. (n.d.). What we’re doing about mental health. https://www.health.gov.au/topics/mental-health-and-suicide-prevention/what-were-doing-about-mental-health
Goodling, P. (2021). Compendium Report: Good Practices in the Council of Europe to Promote Voluntary Measures in Mental Health Services. Council of Europe. https://rm.coe.int/compendium-final-en/1680a45740
Healy, K. (2014). Modern Critical Social Work: From Radical to Anti-oppressive Practice. In K. Healy (Ed.), Social Work Theories in Context: Creating Frameworks for Practice (2nd ed.) (pp. 183-205). Palgrave Macmillan.
Healy, K. (2022). Dominant Discourses in Health and Welfare: Biomedicine & Neoliberalism. In K. Healy (Ed.), Social Work Theories in Context: Creating Frameworks for Practice (3rd ed.). Bloomsbury.
International Federation of Social Workers & International Association of Schools of Social Work. (2004). Ethics in Social Work, Statement of Principles. https://www.iassw-aiets.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/Ethics-in-Social-Work-Statement-IFSW-IASSW-2004.pdf
Karban, K. (2017). Developing a Health Inequities Approach for Mental Health Social Work. The British Journal of Social Work, 47(3), 885-902. DOI: 10.1093/bjsw/bcw098
Kendall, S. (2014). “Anorexia Nervosa: The Diagnosis: A Postmodern Ethics Contribution to the Bioethics Debate on Involuntary Treatment for Anorexia Nervosa,” Journal of Bioethical Inquiry, 11(1), 31–40, DOI: 10.1007/s11673-013-9496-x.
Light, E. M., Robertson, M. D., Boyce, P., Carney, T., Rosen, A., Cleary, M., Hunt, G. E., O’Connor, N., Ryan, C., & Kerridge, I. H. (2014). The lived experience of involuntary community treatment: a qualitative study of mental health consumers and carers. Australasian Psychiatry, 22(4), 345-351. DOI:10.1177/1039856214540759
MacDougall, A. G., Krupa, T., Lysaght, R., Mutiso, V., Casey, R., & Janzen Le Ber, M. (2022a). The CREATE strategy of rehabilitation and recovery for mental illness in low resource settings: Development processes and evaluation from a proof of concept study in Kenya. International Journal of Mental Health, 51(1), 32-60. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207411.2021.1926725
MacDougall, A. G., Lysaght, R., Casey, R., Janzen Le Ber, M., Mutiso, V., Ndetei, D., & Krupa, T. (2022b). Heeding the Call of an Innovative Paradigm for Mental Health Interventions in Low- and Middle-Income Countries. Psychiatric Services, 73(7), 812-814. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.202000125
MacKinnon, D., & Coleborne, C. (2003). Introduction: Deinstitutionalisation in Australia and New Zealand. Health and History, 5(2), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.2307/40111450
Maylea, C. H. (2016). An end to involuntary treatment in Australian mental health social work. In N. Paul & P. Jones (Eds.), Social Work and Health: Inclusive Practice Research and Education (94-119). Depaul Centre for Research and Development.
Maylea, C. H. (2017). A rejection of involuntary treatment in mental health social work. Ethics and Social Welfare, 11(4), 336-352. https://doi.org/10.1080/17496535.2016.1246585
Mental Health Act 2007 (NSW).
Müller, K. (2021, April 6). Opinion: Our moral agenda. Architecture Now. https://architecturenow.co.nz/articles/opinion-our-moral-agenda/
Patel, V., Saxena, S., Lund, C., Thornicroft, G., Baingana, F., Bolton, P., Chisholm, S., Collins, P. Y., Cooper, J. L., Eaton, J., Herrman, H., Herzellah, M. M., Huang, Y., Jordans, M. J. D., Kleinman, A., Medina-Mora, M. E., Morgan, E., Niaz, U., Ombigodun, O. & UnÜtzer, J. (2018). The Lancet Commission on global mental health and sustainable development. The Lancet Commissions, 392(10157). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31612-X
Prowell, A. N. (2019). Using Post-Structuralism to Rethink Risk and Resilience: Recommendations for Social Work Education, Practice, and Research. Social Work, 64(2), 123-130. DOI: 10.1093/sw/swz007
Rains, L. S., Zenina, T., Dias, M. C., Jones, R., Jeffreys, S., Branthonne-Foster, S., Lloyd-Evans, B., & Johnson, S. (2019). Variations in patterns of involuntary hospitalisation and in legal frameworks: an international comparative study. The Lancent Psychiatry, 6(5), 403-417. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(19)30090-2
Renouf, N. (2020). Beyond the dominant approach to mental health practice. In B. Pease, S. Goldingay, N. Hosken & S. Nipperess (Eds.), Doing Critical Social Work: Transformative Practices for Social Justice (pp. 123-135). Routledge.
Rose, D. (2018). A Hidden Activism and its Changing Contemporary Forms: Mental Health Service Users / Survivors Mobilising. Journal of Social and Political Psychology, 6(2), 728-744. https://doi.org/10.5964/jspp.v6i2.952
Simmons, H. (2020). Feminist Post-structuralism as a Worldview. In H. Simmons (Ed.), Surveillance of Modern Motherhood: Experiences of Universal Parenting Courses (pp. 19-32). Palgrave Macmillan
Simpkin, M. (1979). Social work, the state and social control. In M. Simpkin (Ed.), Trapped Within Welfare: Surviving social work (pp. 26-41). The Macmillan Press Ltd.
Stepney, P. (2006). Mission Impossible? Critical Practice in Social Work. British Journal of Social Work, 36(8), 1289-1307. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bch388
Tew, J., Ramon, A., Slade, M., Bird, V., Melton, J., & Le Boutillier, C. (2012). Social Factors and Recovery from Mental Health Difficulties: A Review of the Evidence. British Journal of Social Work, 42(3), 443-460. DOI: 10.1093/bjsw/bcr076
Toombs, M., Nasir, B., Kisely, S., Kondalsamy-Chennakesavan, S., Hides, L., Gill, N., Beccaria, G., Brennan-Olsen, S., Butten, K., & Nicholson, G. (2020). Australian Indigenous model of mental healthcare based on transdiagnostic cognitive–behavioural therapy co-designed with the Indigenous community: protocol for a randomised controlled trial. BJPsych Open, 6(3). DOI: 10.1192/bjo.2020.16
Tseris, E. (2019). Interrogating biomedical dominance: critical and feminist perspectives on mental health. In E. Tseris (Ed.), Trauma, Women’s Mental Health, and Social Justice: Pitfalls and Possibilities (pp. 14-31). Routledge.
Tseris, E. (2023). Placing women’s mental health in context: The value of a feminist paradigm. Australian Journal of General Practice, 52(7), 449-453. DOI:10.31128/AJGP-02-23-6715
United Nations. (2007). Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. https://www.ohchr.org/en/statements/2017/09/statement-mr-dainius-puras-special-rapporteur-right-everyone-enjoyment-highest
United Nations. (2017, June 06). Statement by Mr Dainius Pūras, Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health at the 35th session of the Human Rights Council [Transcript]. https://www.ohchr.org/en/statements/2017/09/statement-mr-dainius-puras-special-rapporteur-right-everyone-enjoyment-highest
Whitaker, L., Smith, F. L., Brasier, C., Petrakis, M., & Brophy, L. (2021). Engaging with Transformative Paradigms in Mental Health. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(9504), https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189504
World Health Organization. (2021, June 9). Guidance on community mental health services: Promoting person-centred and rights-based approaches. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240025707
World Health Organization. (2022, June 16). World mental health report: Transforming mental health for all. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240049338
Wyder, M., Bland, R., McCann, K., & Crompton, D. (2016). The Family Experience of the Crisis of Involuntary Treatment in Mental Health. Australian Social Work, 71(3), 319-331. https://doi.org/10.1080/0312407X.2018.1454484
Ypinazar, V. A., Margolis, S.A., Haswell-Elkins, M., & Tsey, K. (2007). Indigenous Australians’ Understandings Regarding Mental Health and Disorders. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 41(6), 467-478. DOI:10.1080/00048670701332953