An examination of the leadership and governance responses of Australian Jewish community peak body leaders to Institutional Child Sexual Abuse (ICSA)

Authors

Keywords:

Child sexual abuse,, Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse, Institutional child sexual abuse, Australian Jewish community, Governance, Leadership

Abstract

Minimal research has been undertaken into Institutional Child Sexual Abuse (ICSA) within Jewish communities. Internationally, scrutiny has predominantly considered the ultra-orthodox sector of the community. The Australian Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse likewise focused upon the ultra-orthodox within their Jewish community reviews. No research to date has considered the far larger, mainstream Australian Jewish community leadership, nor their leadership practices, though it is broadly acknowledged, that institutional child safety is embedded in institutional leadership, governance and culture.

This is the first study to address this section of the Australian Jewish community regarding ICSA.  It examines the responses of Australian Jewish community peak body leaders, regarding their leadership and governance relating to ICSA, between 2012-2024.

This qualitative study utilised a deductive process; data was analysed thematically, from which findings were developed. Results indicated leadership and governance deficiencies including minimal awareness of institutional child sexual abuse or communal concerns for survivors.  Impacts of poor conflicts of interest practices, failure to drive changes to promote child safety and advance survivor support across the community were highlighted.  The importance of greater communal support for survivors, of late, has been noted.

Findings suggest the need to reform leadership and governance policy and practice within Australian Jewish peak bodies, including through enhanced internal governance and child safety education at leadership level, to provide improved child safety and greater survivor support across the community. Outcomes were found to be applicable to additional communities and cultures, including for example the Catholic church.

 

Author Biographies

  • Marcia Pinskier, Monash University

    Marcia Pinskier is a Doctoral Candidate in the Department of Social Work.  Her research addresses Jewish community responses to Institutional Child Sexual Abuse, with a foci on leadership and survivor support.

  • Philip Mendes, Monash University

    Professor Philip Mendes is the Director of the Social Inclusion and Social Policy Research Unit in the Department if Social Work.  His key research areas include young people transitioning from out-of-home-care, income support including compulsory income management social workers and policy practice, illicit drugs policy, indigenous social policy and Jewish community responses to institutional child sexual abuse.

  • Susan Baidawi, Monash University

    Associate Professor Baidawi is Director of the Higher Degrees by Research (HDR) Program, and Co-Director of the Monash Criminal Justice Research Consortium in the Department of Social Work.  Her research expertise lies at the nexus of the child welfare and criminal justice fields.

References

AICD, 2025. Company Directors Course. [Online]

Available at: https://www.aicd.com.au/courses-and-programs/all-courses/company-directors-course.html

Alston, M. & Bowles, W., 2018. Research for Social Workers: An introduction to methods. 4th ed. Sydney: Allen & Unwin.

Australian Indigenous Governance Institute, n.d. Leadership for Governance. [Online]

Available at: https://toolkit.aigi.com.au/toolkit/4-0-your-governing-body-and-leadership

[Accessed 17 January 2020].

Averbukh, R., Mendes, P., Katz, I. & Forbes, D., 2017. Jewish Communal and Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse: a Critical Review of the Literature. [Online]

Available at: https://www.monash.edu/medicine/news/latest/2017-articles/jewish-communal-and-instit

Ben-Hur, S. & Jonson, K., 2012. Ethical leadership: lessons from Moses. Journal of Management Development, 31(9), pp. 962-973.

Berger, P., 2012. Suspected Australian Sex Abusers in United States. [Online]

Available at: https://search.proquest.com/newspapers/suspected-australian-sex-abusers-united-states/docview/926244509/se-2?accountid=12528

Braun, V. & Clarke, V., 2006. Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, pp. 77-101.

Brookes, S., 2010. Telling the Story of Place: The Role of Community Leadership. In: S. Brookes & K. Grint, eds. The New Public Leadership Challenge. London: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 150-168.

Brown, E., 2009. Straying the Course. In: A. Neustein, ed. Tempest in the Temple. Lebanon(New Hampshire): Brandeis University Press, pp. 60-73.

Brown, E., 2017. Standing Idly By: When Leaders Enable Sexual Abuse. Tradition, 50(2), pp. 78-92.

Bryman, A., 2012. Social Research Methods. 4th ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Byrne, D., 2025. What is compliance?. [Online]

Available at: https://www.thecorporategovernanceinstitute.com/insights/lexicon/what-is-compliance/?srsltid=AfmBOooAvFWfDI3PsWTz3INo7BNL6-VF90P6zOS_UINp-4VEYfnAVDsW

[Accessed 29 April 2025].

Carey, M., 2012. Qualitative Research Skills for Social Work : Theory and Practice. Oxford: Taylor & Francis Group..

Chemers, M. M., 1997. An Integrative Theory of Leadership. Mahwah(N.J.): Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.

Cornforth, C., 2001. Understanding the governance of non-profit organizations: multiple perspectives and paradoxes. Miami, s.n.

Den Hartog, D. N., 2014. Ethical Leadership. The Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 2, 409-434. doi:10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-032414-111237, Volume 2, pp. 409-434.

Denscombe, M., 2010. The Good Research Guide for small-scale social research projects. 4th ed. Maidenhead: Open University Press.

Dicicco-Bloom, B. & Crabtree, B., 2006. The qualitative research interview. Medical Education, 40(4), pp. 314-321.

Dicicco-Bloom, B. & Crabtree, B. F., 2006. The qualitative research interview. Medical Education, 40(4), pp. 314-321.

Dokecki, P. R., 2004. Professional Ethics and the Clergy Sexual Abuse System. In: The Clergy Sexual Abuse in Crisis: Reform and Renewal in the Catholic Community. Washington(D.C.): Georgetown University Press, pp. 97-124.

Dokecki, P. R., 2004. Toward Reforms Addressing and Preventing Clergy Sexual Abuse. In: The Clergy Sexual Abuse Crisis: Reform and Renewal in the Catholic Community. Washington(D.C.): Georgetown University Press, pp. 208-228.

Dolev-Cohen, M., Ricon, T. & Levkovich, I., 2020. #WhyIDidntReport: Reasons why young Israelis do not submit complaints regarding sexual abuse. Child and Youth Services Review, August.pp. 1-9.

Elias, H., Alnabilsy, R. & Pagorek-Eshel, S., 2019. Barriers to Receiving Support among Young Arab Women in Israel Who Have Been Abused in Childhood. British Journal of Social Work, Volume 49, pp. 2073-2091.

Epstein, S. & Crisp, B., 2018. Educating Australia's Jewish Communities about Child Sexual Abuse. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 27(5), pp. 523-536.

Family and Community Development Committee, 2013. Betrayal of Trust: Inquiry into the Handling of Child Abuse by Religious and other Non-government Organisations, Volume 1, Melbourne: Parliament Victoria.

Family and Community Development Committee, 2013. Document Library/Family and Community Development Committee/Inquiry into the Handling of Child Abuse by Religious and Other Non-Government Organisations/Volume 2. [Online]

Available at: https://www.childabuseroyalcommission.gov.au/document-library?type=66&keys=Family+And+Community+Development+Inquiry+into+the+Handling+of+Child+Abuse+by+

Featherman, J. M., 1995. Jews and Sexual Child Abuse. In: L. A. Fontes, ed. Sexual Abuse in Nine North American Cultures: Treatment and Prevention. s.l.:SAGE Publications, pp. 128-155.

Flynn, C. & McDermott, F., 2016. Doing Research in Social Work and Social Care. s.l.:SAGE Publications Inc.

Foley, T., 2019. Changing institutional culture in the wake of clerical abuse – the essentials of restorative and legal regulation. Contemporary Justice Review, 22(2), pp. 171-187.

Fontes, L. & Plummer, C., 2010. Cultural Issues in Disclosures of Child Sexual Abuse. . Journal of Child Sexual Abuse,, 19(5), p. 491–518..

Freyd, J. J., 1996. Betrayal Trauma: The Logic of Forgetting Childhood Abuse. Cambridge(Massachusetts): Harvard University Press.

Friedman, H., Warter, J. & Warter, L., 2016. What are the Essential Core Values for Individuals and Organizations? Lessons from Judaism. Journal of Applied Ethics and Biolaw, 1(4), pp. 49-69.

Governance Institute of Australia, 2022. What is Governance?. [Online]

Available at: https://www.governanceinstitute.com.au/resources/what-is-governance/

[Accessed 2022].

Graham, D. & Markus, A., 2018. Gen17 Australian Jewish Community Survey: Preliminary Findings., s.l.: s.n.

Greenleaf, R. K., 2002. Servant Leadership: a journey into the nature of legitimate power and greatness. New York: Paulist Press.

Guest, G., Namely, E. E. & Mitchell, M. L., 2017. Collecting Qualitative Data: A Field Manual for Applied Research.. London: SAGE Publications, Ltd..

Hamo, G. & Idisis, Y., 2017. Pedophiles in the Ultra-Orthodox Haredi Sector in Israel: Thought Processes Regarding their Actions.. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 26(4), pp. 407-427.

Hidalgo, M. M., 2007. Taking a Closer Look: Prevalence and Characteristics of Sexual Abuse in the Catholic Church. In: Sexual Abuse and the Culture of Catholocism: How Priests and Nuns Become Perpetrators. Binghamton. NY(NY): The Haworth Press. Inc..

Holland, T., 2002. Board Accountability: Lessons from the Field. Nonprofit Management & Leadership, 112(4), pp. 409-428.

Israel, G. D., Beaulieu, L. J., Luloff, A. & Swanson, L. E., 2018. Community Leadership. In: A. Luloff & S. LE, eds. American rural communities. London: Routledge, pp. 181-202.

Kalshoven, K., Den hartog, D. & De Hoogh, A. H. B., 2011. Ethical leadership at work questionnaire (ELW): Development and validation of a multidimensional measure.. The Leadership Quarterly, 22(1), pp. 51-69.

Kaufman, K. & Erooga, M., 2016. Research/Causes/Risk profiles for institutional child sexual abuse; A literature review. [Online]

Available at: https://www.childabuseroyalcommission.gov.au/research

Kenny, D. T., 2018. Prevalence of Child Sexual Abuse. In: Children, Sexuality, and Child Sexual Abuse. s.l.:Routledge, p. 65.

Kumar, R., 2005. Research methodology: A step-by-step guide for beginners. London: SAGE Publications Ltd.

MacCormick, J., 2019. Governing Organisational Culture. [Online]

Available at: https://aicd.companydirectors.com.au/resources/director-tools/practical-tools-for-directors/governing-organisational-culture

[Accessed 2021].

Markus, A., 2011. Jewish Continuity: Overview, Melbourne: Monash University.

Miller, J. L., 2002. The Board as Monitor of Organizational Activity.. Nonprofit Management & Leadership , pp. 429-450.

Moores, 2020. Governance. [Online]

Available at: https://www.moores.com.au/news/the-directors-series-part-1-directors-duties

[Accessed 5 January 2020].

NHMRC; Australian Research Council; Universities Australia., 2018. National Statement on Ethical Conduct in Human Research (2007) - Updated 2018. [Online]

Available at: www.nhmrc.gov.au/guidelines/publications/e72

[Accessed 4 January 2022].

Northouse, P. G., 2018. Leadership: Theory and Practice. 8 ed. California: Sage Publication.

Palmer, D., Feldman, V. & McKibbin, G., 2016. Final report: The role of organisational culture in child sexual abuse in institutional contexts, Sydney: Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse.

Pelcovitz, D. & Mandel, D., 2011. Introduction: Transforming victims into survivors. In: D. Mandel & D. Pelcovitz, eds. Breaking the silence: Sexual abuse in the Jewish community. New Jersey: Ktav Publishing House., pp. xi-xviii.

Pinskier, M., Mendes, P. & McCurdy, S., 2021. How do Ultra-orthodox Jewish leadership bodies respond to manifestations of Institutional Child Sexual Abuse (ICSA)? A critical reflection on the findings of two public inquiries in Australia and England. Australian Journal of Jewish Studies, Volume XXXIV, pp. 122-156.

Plante, T. G., 2004. Conclusion: What do we know and where do we need to go?. In: T. G. Plante, ed. Sin Against the Innocents: Sexual Abuse by Priests and the Role of the Catholic Church. Westport: Praeger Publishers, p. 226.

Pomeranz, E. & Stedman, R., 2020. Measuring good governance: piloting an instrument for evaluating good governance principles. Journal of Environmental Policy & Planning, 22(3), pp. 428-440.

PWC Australia, 2025. Governance & Compliance. [Online]

Available at: https://www.pwc.com.au/risk-controls/government-compliance.html

Quixley, S., 2006. What is a "Peak Body"?, s.l.: s.n.

RCIRCSA, 2013. Terms of Reference / Letters Patent. [Online]

Available at: https://www.childabuseroyalcommission.gov.au/terms-reference

[Accessed 17 June 2020].

RCIRCSA, 2016. Report of Case Study 22: Yeshiva Bondi and Yeshivah Melbourne. [Online]

Available at: https://www.childabuseroyalcommission.gov.au/sites/default/files/file-list/Case%20Study%2022%20-%20Findings%20Report%20-%20Yeshiva%20Bondi%20and%20Yeshivah%20Melbourne.pdf

RCIRCSA, 2017a. Document Library/Final Report Volume 1, Our inquiry. [Online]

Available at: https://www.childabuseroyalcommission.gov.au/document-library?type=11&keys=final+report+Volume+1%2C+Our+inquiry

[Accessed 18 August 2019].

RCIRCSA, 2017b. Our inquiry. [Online]

Available at: https://www.childabuseroyalcommission.gov.au/our-inquiry

RCIRCSA, 2017c. Final Report: Preface and executive summary, s.l.: s.n.

RCIRCSA, 2017d. Final Report, Volume 16, Religious Institutions, Book 1. [Online].

RCIRCSA, 2017e. Final Information Update. [Online]

Available at: https://www.childabuseroyalcommission.gov.au/sites/default/files/final_information_update.pdf

RCIRCSA, 2017f. Final Report Recommendations. [Online]

Available at: https://www.childabuseroyalcommission.gov.au/recommendations

RCIRCSA, 2017g. Document Library / Final Report Volume 6, Making institutions child safe. [Online]

Available at: https://www.childabuseroyalcommission.gov.au/document-library?type=11&keys=Final+Report+Making+Institutions+Child+Safe+Volume+6

[Accessed 22 April 2023].

RCIRCSA, 2017h. Document Library/ Final Report Volume 16, Religious Institutions Book 3. [Online]

Available at: https://www.childabuseroyalcommission.gov.au/document-library?type=11&keys=religious+institutions+book+3

Ryan, L., 2019. Not-for-Profit Governance Principles, s.l.: AICD.

Sawrikar, P. & Katz, I., 2017. Barriers to disclosing child sexual abuse (CSA) in ethnic minority communities: A review of the literature and implications for practice in Australia. Children and Youth Services Review, pp. 302-315.

Sawrikar, P. & Katz, I., 2017. Barriers to disclosing child sexual abuse (CSA) in ethnic minority communities: A review of the literature and implications for practice in Australia. Children and Youth Services Review, pp. 302-315.

Sawrikar, P. & Katz, I., 2017. How aware of child sexual abuse (CSA) are ethnic minority communities? A literature review and suggestions for raising awareness in Australia. Children and Youth Services Review, Volume 81, pp. 246-260.

Sawrikar, P. & Katz, I., 2018. Preventing child sexual abuse (CSA) in ethnic minority communities: A literature review and suggestions for practice in Australia. Children and Youth Services Review, pp. 174-186.

Sawrikar, P. & Katz, I., 2018. Preventing child sexual abuse (CSA) in ethnic minority communities: A literature review and suggestions for practice in Australia. hildren and Youth Services Review, Issue 85, pp. 174-186.

Simon, J., Luetzow, A. & Conte, J. R., 2020. Thirty years of the convention on the rights of the child: Developments in child sexual abuse and exploitation. Child Abuse & Neglect, Volume 110, p. 8.

Spears, L. C., 2010. Servant Leadership and Robert K. Greenleaf’s Legacy. In: D. van Dierendonck & K. Patterson, eds. Servant Leadership: Developments in Theory and Research. s.l.:palgrave macmillan, pp. 11-24.

Staetsky, D., 2022. Haredi Jews around the world: Population trends and estimates. [Online]

Available at: https://www.jpr.org.uk/reports/haredi-jews-around-world-population-trends-and-estimates

Tishelman, A. C. & Fontes, L. A., 2016. Religion in child sexual abuse forensic interviews. Child Abuse & Neglect, pp. 120-130.

UNESCAP, 2009. What is good governance?. [Online]

Available at: https://www.unescap.org/sites/default/files/good-governance.pdf

van Dierendonck, D. & Patterson, K., 2010. Servant Leadership: An introduction. In: D. van Dierendonck & K. Patterson, eds. Servant Leadership: Developments in Theory and Research. London: palgrave macmillan, pp. 3-10.

Wright, K., 2017. Remaking collective knowledge: An analysis of the complex and multiple effects of inquiries into historical institutional child abuse. Child Abuse & Neglect, pp. 10-22.

Zuckerman, P., 2003. Invitation to the sociology of religion. s.l.:Routledge.

Downloads

Published

2025-09-25

Issue

Section

Undergraduate and Post graduate Student papers